Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: Identifying the Sources of Intestinal Colonization With Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli in Healthy Infants in the Community

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.803043

Figure Lengend Snippet: Heatmap showing antibiotic susceptibility (AS) pattern of ESBL-Ec isolated from stool samples of mother–child dyads and point-of-use drinking water samples from 46 households. Amp, ampicillin; CN, gentamycin; TE, tetracycline; MEM, meropenem; IMP, imipenem; CRO, ceftriaxone; CTX, cefotaxime, FEP, cefepime; CIP, ciprofloxacin; NA, nalidixic acid; AZM, azithromycin; STX, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole; C, chloramphenicol; HH, households; MS, mother stool; CS, child stool; WCM, AS patterns matched among E. coli isolates from mother–child gut and point-of-use drinking water origin; MC, AS pattern matched between E. coli isolates of mother–child gut origin; WC; AS pattern matched between E. coli strains from child-gut and point-of-use drinking water origin; UR; AS pattern among E. coli strains from all sample sources were diverse.

Article Snippet: Briefly, 50 μl of each of four 10-fold serial dilutions (10 –1 to 10 –4 ) of each stool sample from mothers and children was inoculated using drop plate techniques onto MacConkey agar plates (Becton Dickson, MD, United States) and then incubated at 37°C for 18 h. For water samples, 100 ml was filtered through a 0.45-μm membrane filter, which was placed on modified membrane thermotolerant E. coli agar (m-TEC) (Becton Dickinson, MD, United States) according to the procedure described by the US Environmental Protection Agency (Method 1603, EPA) ( ).

Techniques: Isolation

Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: Identifying the Sources of Intestinal Colonization With Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli in Healthy Infants in the Community

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.803043

Figure Lengend Snippet: Dendrogram generated by BioNumerics software, showing distances calculated by Dice similarity index of enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus polymerase chain reaction banding patterns of E. coli strains obtained from stool samples of mother and child and point-of-use drinking water samples from 46 households. Degree of similarity (%) is shown on scale.

Article Snippet: Briefly, 50 μl of each of four 10-fold serial dilutions (10 –1 to 10 –4 ) of each stool sample from mothers and children was inoculated using drop plate techniques onto MacConkey agar plates (Becton Dickson, MD, United States) and then incubated at 37°C for 18 h. For water samples, 100 ml was filtered through a 0.45-μm membrane filter, which was placed on modified membrane thermotolerant E. coli agar (m-TEC) (Becton Dickinson, MD, United States) according to the procedure described by the US Environmental Protection Agency (Method 1603, EPA) ( ).

Techniques: Generated, Software, Polymerase Chain Reaction

Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: Identifying the Sources of Intestinal Colonization With Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli in Healthy Infants in the Community

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.803043

Figure Lengend Snippet: Distribution of serotype (O and H types), sequence type (ST), phylogroup, and pathotype in 30 E. coli isolates obtained from 10 households.

Article Snippet: Briefly, 50 μl of each of four 10-fold serial dilutions (10 –1 to 10 –4 ) of each stool sample from mothers and children was inoculated using drop plate techniques onto MacConkey agar plates (Becton Dickson, MD, United States) and then incubated at 37°C for 18 h. For water samples, 100 ml was filtered through a 0.45-μm membrane filter, which was placed on modified membrane thermotolerant E. coli agar (m-TEC) (Becton Dickinson, MD, United States) according to the procedure described by the US Environmental Protection Agency (Method 1603, EPA) ( ).

Techniques: Sequencing

Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: Identifying the Sources of Intestinal Colonization With Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli in Healthy Infants in the Community

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.803043

Figure Lengend Snippet: Distribution of antibiotic resistance genes retrieved from whole-genome sequence of 30 E. coli strains isolated from CS, MS, and WU samples from 10 households. Blue and gray boxes indicate presence and absence of genes, respectively. HH, households; MS, mother stool; CS, child stool; WU, point-of-use drinking water.

Article Snippet: Briefly, 50 μl of each of four 10-fold serial dilutions (10 –1 to 10 –4 ) of each stool sample from mothers and children was inoculated using drop plate techniques onto MacConkey agar plates (Becton Dickson, MD, United States) and then incubated at 37°C for 18 h. For water samples, 100 ml was filtered through a 0.45-μm membrane filter, which was placed on modified membrane thermotolerant E. coli agar (m-TEC) (Becton Dickinson, MD, United States) according to the procedure described by the US Environmental Protection Agency (Method 1603, EPA) ( ).

Techniques: Sequencing, Isolation

Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: Identifying the Sources of Intestinal Colonization With Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli in Healthy Infants in the Community

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.803043

Figure Lengend Snippet: Distribution of mobile genetic elements in 30 E. coli isolates of 10 households.

Article Snippet: Briefly, 50 μl of each of four 10-fold serial dilutions (10 –1 to 10 –4 ) of each stool sample from mothers and children was inoculated using drop plate techniques onto MacConkey agar plates (Becton Dickson, MD, United States) and then incubated at 37°C for 18 h. For water samples, 100 ml was filtered through a 0.45-μm membrane filter, which was placed on modified membrane thermotolerant E. coli agar (m-TEC) (Becton Dickinson, MD, United States) according to the procedure described by the US Environmental Protection Agency (Method 1603, EPA) ( ).

Techniques:

Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: Identifying the Sources of Intestinal Colonization With Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli in Healthy Infants in the Community

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.803043

Figure Lengend Snippet: Phylogenetic analysis of 30 E. coli isolates. (A) Core-genome SNP tree using ParSNP alignment. (B) Minimum spanning tree generated by wgMLST. Isolates from same household are shown by circles of identical color. Numbers next to branches indicate allelic differences according to wgMLST analysis.

Article Snippet: Briefly, 50 μl of each of four 10-fold serial dilutions (10 –1 to 10 –4 ) of each stool sample from mothers and children was inoculated using drop plate techniques onto MacConkey agar plates (Becton Dickson, MD, United States) and then incubated at 37°C for 18 h. For water samples, 100 ml was filtered through a 0.45-μm membrane filter, which was placed on modified membrane thermotolerant E. coli agar (m-TEC) (Becton Dickinson, MD, United States) according to the procedure described by the US Environmental Protection Agency (Method 1603, EPA) ( ).

Techniques: Generated